Non-Toxic Sanitary Pads in South Africa: What the Latest Research Shows
Share
Menstrual health has recently entered the national spotlight following peer-reviewed research conducted by the University of the Free State (UFS).
The study, published in Science of the Total Environment, analysed sanitary pads and pantyliners available in South Africa and reported measurable levels of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the products tested.
For many women, this raised an important question:
What exactly is in the menstrual products we use every month — and what are the alternatives?
This guide breaks down the research, explains what it does and does not mean, and explores lower-exposure options available in South Africa.
What Did the University of the Free State Study Find?
Researchers at UFS tested a range of commercially available sanitary pads and pantyliners purchased from local retailers.
The findings reported:
- The presence of bisphenols
- The presence of phthalates
- The presence of parabens
These chemicals are classified as endocrine-disrupting chemicals because they are known to interact with hormone systems in laboratory and environmental studies.
Importantly:
- The study identified measurable levels.
- It did not conclude that the products directly cause disease.
- It highlighted menstrual products as a potential source of repeated chemical exposure.
Because menstruation occurs monthly for decades, researchers emphasised that cumulative exposure may warrant further investigation and regulatory review.
What Are Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals?
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are substances that can interfere with hormone signaling in the body.
Hormones regulate:
- Reproductive cycles
- Fertility
- Thyroid function
- Metabolism
- Mood and neurological processes
Scientific literature globally has examined links between long-term exposure to certain EDCs and reproductive or developmental concerns. However, risk depends on dose, duration, and individual susceptibility.
The UFS study adds South African-specific data to an international conversation already underway.
Are Sanitary Pads Regulated in South Africa?
One issue highlighted in public discussion following the study is transparency.
Menstrual products in South Africa are subject to manufacturing standards, but:
- Full chemical ingredient disclosure is not always mandatory.
- Testing for endocrine disruptors is not routinely disclosed on packaging.
- Marketing terms such as “natural” or “chemical-free” are not always clearly defined.
This can make it difficult for consumers to make fully informed comparisons.
Disposable vs Reusable Sanitary Pads: Ingredient Considerations
Most disposable sanitary pads contain:
- Plastic back sheets
- Adhesives
- Super-absorbent polymers
- Fragrance (in some products)
- Bleached or processed absorbent cores
Reusable cloth pads, by contrast, are typically made from:
- Cotton or bamboo fabrics
- Waterproof fabric layers (such as PUL)
- No chemical absorbent gels
- No added fragrance
While no product can claim zero exposure in every circumstance, reusable fabric-based pads generally avoid the adhesives, gels, and plastics used in disposable designs.
Do Menstrual Cups Require a Microwave?
Some commentary around menstrual cups has suggested that sterilisation requires a microwave.
This is not accurate.
A menstrual cup can be sterilised safely by:
- Placing it in boiling water
- Boiling for 5–10 minutes
- Allowing it to air dry before storage
A simple stovetop method is sufficient. No microwave is required.
This makes cups accessible even in homes without microwave access.
Why Many Women Are Choosing Lower-Exposure Options
Following the publication of the UFS research, many women are adopting a precautionary approach.
Common reasons include:
- Desire for ingredient transparency
- Concerns about repeated monthly exposure
- Environmental sustainability
- Long-term cost savings
- Alignment with hormone-conscious living
Reusable menstrual products are not new. However, awareness of potential chemical exposure has accelerated interest.
Cost Comparison: Disposable vs Reusable
Over approximately 10 years:
Disposable pads can cost thousands of rand cumulatively.
Reusable pads:
- Require upfront investment
- Can last several years with proper care
- Reduce ongoing monthly purchase needs
Many women find that reusable options become more economical over time.
Environmental Impact
Disposable menstrual products contribute significantly to landfill waste due to:
- Plastic content
- Single-use design
- Synthetic absorbent materials
Reusable cloth pads and silicone cups reduce waste volume substantially when used consistently.
Frequently Asked Questions
Did South African researchers find harmful chemicals in sanitary pads?
Researchers at the University of the Free State reported measurable levels of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the products tested. The study did not conclude direct harm but identified a potential exposure source.
What chemicals were identified?
The study detected bisphenols, phthalates, and parabens.
Are reusable pads completely chemical-free?
Reusable fabric pads avoid many plastics, adhesives, and absorbent gels used in disposable pads. Material transparency varies by brand.
Where can I buy reusable sanitary pads in South Africa?
Reusable sanitary pads designed with material simplicity and transparency in mind are available at puracy.co.za. We cater for all pad sizes and flow, even to those in menopause needing something for discharge or small oopsies. If pads are not your choice, e have medical silicon grade cups and 2 sizes.
A Thoughtful, Informed Approach
The recent research from the University of the Free State contributes important local data to an ongoing global discussion about endocrine disruptors in everyday products.
While more long-term studies are needed to determine full health implications, increased awareness allows women to make intentional choices.
At Puracy, we support:
- Transparency
- Simplicity in materials
- Reusable design
- Informed decision-making
If you are looking for reusable, hormone-conscious sanitary pads in South Africa, visit:
Menstrual health is not separate from overall wellbeing. It deserves clarity, safety, and thoughtful innovation.